The Difference Between a Novella and a Novel

The Difference Between a Novella and a Novel

As a writer who crafts both commercial ads and longer-form narratives like novellas, I often get asked about the different shapes and sizes a story can take. Two terms that frequently cause confusion are novella and novel. While both are forms of prose fiction, they differ significantly in length, scope, and the kinds of stories they’re best suited to tell. Whether you’re a reader, an aspiring author, or a client commissioning a story, understanding these distinctions is key.

Let’s break down the core differences.

1. Word Count: The Most Obvious Distinction

The primary difference lies in word count. Though there’s no absolute rule, industry guidelines generally say:

Novella: Usually between 20,000 and 50,000 words

Novel: Typically starts at 50,000 words and can go well beyond 100,000 — some epic novels reach 200,000+ words

Think of a novella as longer than a short story but shorter than a full-length novel. This length influences many other factors.

2. Scope and Focus: Narrow vs. Expansive

The length affects the narrative scope:

Novella: Tends to focus on a single central plot, a limited cast, and a concentrated theme. It’s often a deep dive into a pivotal event or a transformative period for the protagonist, with pacing that moves swiftly from start to finish.

Novel: Offers a wider canvas with multiple subplots, large casts, intricate worlds, and layered themes. Novels have the luxury of more leisurely pacing and complex character arcs.

Examples of novellas include George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

3. Character and World Development: Depth vs. Breadth

Novella: Focuses on efficient character development, often honing in on the internal journey of one or two main characters. World-building is functional—just enough to support the story.

Novel: Allows for rich, multi-dimensional characters with sub-arcs and complex relationships, alongside immersive world-building that creates fully realized universes.

4. Pacing: Lean and Focused vs. Room to Breathe

Novella: Pacing is taut and fast-moving. Every scene and word serves the core narrative, making novellas ideal for powerful, intense reading sessions that can often be completed in one sitting.

Novel: Can include varied pacing, with slower reflective moments, detailed descriptions, and subplots that temporarily diverge from the main story. This offers a more immersive, extended experience.

5. Advantages for Readers and Writers

Novella:

Accessible for busy readers seeking a complete story without a long time commitment

Impactful with a focused emotional punch

Great for exploring a specific concept or character without excessive exposition

Flexible for digital releases, anthologies, or series lead-ins

Novel:

Immersive and expansive, perfect for grand narratives or multi-generational sagas

Often enjoys wider commercial appeal

Allows deep exploration of complex themes and characters

Which Form is Right for Your Story (or Brand)?

Choosing between a novella and a novel depends on the story you want to tell and the experience you want to create. If your narrative is concise and impactful, a novella might be your best fit. If your vision includes multiple arcs and a richly detailed world, then a novel is your canvas.

For clients looking to commission branded content or longer narratives, understanding these forms helps define scope, timelines, and the overall impact you aim to achieve.